SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science: Quantifying Functional Biodiversity in TXT, PDF, MOBI

9789400726475


9400726473
Functional diversity (FD) defined as the value, range, and abundance of functional traits in a given community or ecosystem is increasingly accepted as a synthetic ecological concept that sheds light on ecosystem functioning. Functional group richness and functional biodiversity indices have been proposed to quantify the FD of a community, or some of its components. The comparative assessment of FD in different ecosystems and for different ecosystem processes would be an invaluable tool for a better and more general understanding of what are the functional roles of biodiversity in the provision of ecosystem services. In this volume we offer a synthesis of the methods used to quantify functional diversity and step by step examples to define functional groups and to estimate functional indices. We also compare communities, and changes of diversity along environmental gradients. All the examples may be reproduce using electronic data files and FDiversity, a free software., This book synthesizes current methods used to quantify functional diversity, providing step-by-step examples for defining functional groups and estimating functional indices. The authors show how to compare communities, and how to analyze changes of diversity along environmental gradients, using real-life examples throughout. One section of the book demonstrates the selection of traits, and the standardization and characterization of ecosystem data. Another section presents methods used to quantify functional diversity, shows how to relate functional diversity with environmental variables and how to connect these to ecosystem services. The concluding section introduces FDiversity, a free program developed by the authors. The reader is guided through every step from software installation and basic functions, to sample and database design, to graphical projection methods, employing case study data to illustrate key concepts.

Read book SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science: Quantifying Functional Biodiversity by Fernando Casanoves PDF, FB2, MOBI

All you need are your fingers, some cord, and this book to get started making stylish rugs, plant hangers, purses, and more.Although it changed from repression of painful memories to the repression sexuality, to repression of infantile sexuality, to repressing of the Id, it still remained structurally a theory of the repression of objectionable urges.This is the first single-authored volume in the field of psychology dedicated to a separate examination of the major moral and positive emotions.The definition and development of action-deformation curves especially moment-curvature (-) curve is discussed extensively.Enables engineers, researchers, technicians, and students to understand the decisive relationship between different processing techniques, morphology, mechanical properties, and the further applications of bio-based polymers.Software screenshots are used to illustrate salient points.This book intends to introduce this theory to the general mathematics, engineering, and physicist communities., The main aim of the book is to present new constructive methods of delay differential equation (DDE) theory and to give readers practical tools for analysis, control design and simulating of linear systems with delays.This book is a comprehensive guide that will cover the end-to-end life cycle of implementing SoapUI in various phases of software testing and the software development life cycle.David Shoemaker develops a pluralistic quality of will theory of responsibility, motivated by our ambivalence to real life cases of marginal agency, such as those caused by clinical depression, dementia, scrupulosity, psychopathy, autism, intellectual disability, and poor formative circumstances.It focuses on the difficulties of implementing predictive analytics in web applications.This book covers the general aspects of electrospinning and discusses the fundamental concepts that can be used to produce nanofibers with the help of mathematical models and equations.